In 9th century China alchemists seeking immortality accidentally discovered a volatile substance while attempting to create an elixir of life. They mixed sulfur charcoal and saltpeter to produce a dark powder called huo yao meaning fire medicine. Early Taoist texts warned of its dangers after reports of burns and fires. Its potential was soon seen for military use. By the Song Dynasty gunpowder was adapted into flame throwers grenades and early rockets. The first documented military formula for