If you took introductory physics, you learned about the “fundamental forces.” It goes something like this: All interactions are the result of one or more of five basic forces: strong nuclear, weak ...

For smartphones and computers to become smaller and faster, technologies capable of precisely controlling electrical properties at the nanoscale—beyond what is visible to the naked eye—are essential.

The world of nanoscale analysis has been revolutionized by the advent of electrical Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) modes. New possibilities for measuring electrical properties with remarkable precision ...