Algorithms for encrypting computer data come in two main varieties: symmetric and asymmetric. Each encryption type has inherent strengths and weaknesses. Symmetric algorithms convert plain-text data ...

Cambridge, MA – If you rotate an image of a molecular structure, a human can tell the rotated image is still the same molecule, but a machine-learning model might think it is a new data point. In ...

Members can download this article in PDF format. The security of cryptographic applications critically relies on symmetric keys and private keys that are continually kept secret. The method used to ...

To begin to understand what mathematicians and physicists see in the abstract structures of symmetries, let’s start with a familiar shape. We are fond of saying things are symmetric, but what does ...

In the last section we discussed the potential for optimizing algorithms, which can be done, but sometimes may not result in the type of performance required. As was mentioned, you can always move the ...

Encryption, the transformation of data into a form that prevents anyone unauthorized from understanding that data, is a fundamental technology that enables online commerce, secure communication, and ...