Stochastic modeling has become an indispensable tool in understanding and forecasting the spread of infectious diseases under real-world uncertainties. Unlike deterministic frameworks that assume ...

Stochastic modelling of growth dynamics addresses how systems that evolve over time—ranging from biological populations to material production and demographic records—are influenced by inherent ...

The whole picture of Mathematical Modeling is systematically and thoroughly explained in this text for undergraduate and graduate students of mathematics, engineering, economics, finance, biology, ...

As global financial markets become increasingly interconnected, accurately modelling correlations between assets is essential. Traditional models often assume static correlations, which fail to ...