As electronic products move from prototyping to mass production, manufacturers must rely on efficient, scalable, and ...

Building reliable hardware requires that you account for all tolerances during the design stage. Many references discuss active component errors resulting from parameter deviations—showing how to ...

The result is that the entire board is much denser, and comments can be installed on both sides of the PC board, as seen in Figure 2 . Since the board does not require drilling for component leads ...

The U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Command’s Tobyhanna Army Depot opened a new microelectronics manufacturing facility in June 2025 to develop ...

Through-hole assembly means bending leads on components and putting the leads through holes in the circuit board, then soldering them in place, and trimming the wires. That took up too much space and ...

Production test of a finished electronic product often involves two techniques: in-circuit test (ICT) and functional component test (FCT). The ICT technique examines a non-powered circuit board to ...

When first learning about and building electronic circuits, the first things all of us come across are passive components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors. These have easily-understandable ...

What happens when electronic parts become hard to see? A new method shows how engineers can fit more functions onto the same circuit board.

An electrical component is a basic part in a circuit that uses electricity to make something happen. For example a bulb uses electricity to make light. They are designed to perform specific functions ...

Biochemical circuits made of rationally designed DNA molecules are proofs of concept for embedding control within complex molecular environments. They hold promise for transforming the current ...