Engineers looking to nature for inspiration have long assumed that layered structures like those found in mollusk shells enhance a material's toughness, but a study shows that's not always the case.

Noroviruses are a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Although GII.4 strains have been responsible for most norovirus outbreaks, the assembled virus shell structures have been available in ...

A structure much like a liquid crystal allows the shell of a scarab beetle to circularly polarize light, scientists in the US have discovered. Mohan Srinivasarao of the Georgia Institute of Technology ...